feat(bibliography): add sources for MEWS and NEWS2
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@ -1088,3 +1088,32 @@ Pre-hospital {NEWS} was associated with death or critical care unit escalation w
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keywords = {{ECG}, {EDR}, {QRS}, R-R interval},
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file = {Kim et al. - 2007 - Two Algorithms for Detecting Respiratory Rate from.pdf:/home/ulinja/Zotero/storage/YNEGUM7M/Kim et al. - 2007 - Two Algorithms for Detecting Respiratory Rate from.pdf:application/pdf},
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}
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@article{smith_ability_2013,
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title = {The ability of the National Early Warning Score ({NEWS}) to discriminate patients at risk of early cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission, and death},
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volume = {84},
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issn = {1873-1570},
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doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.12.016},
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abstract = {{INTRODUCTION}: Early warning scores ({EWS}) are recommended as part of the early recognition and response to patient deterioration. The Royal College of Physicians recommends the use of a National Early Warning Score ({NEWS}) for the routine clinical assessment of all adult patients.
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{METHODS}: We tested the ability of {NEWS} to discriminate patients at risk of cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit ({ICU}) admission or death within 24h of a {NEWS} value and compared its performance to that of 33 other {EWSs} currently in use, using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic ({AUROC}) curve and a large vital signs database (n=198,755 observation sets) collected from 35,585 consecutive, completed acute medical admissions.
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{RESULTS}: The {AUROCs} (95\% {CI}) for {NEWS} for cardiac arrest, unanticipated {ICU} admission, death, and any of the outcomes, all within 24h, were 0.722 (0.685-0.759), 0.857 (0.847-0.868), 0.894 (0.887-0.902), and 0.873 (0.866-0.879), respectively. Similarly, the ranges of {AUROCs} (95\% {CI}) for the other 33 {EWSs} were 0.611 (0.568-0.654) to 0.710 (0.675-0.745) (cardiac arrest); 0.570 (0.553-0.568) to 0.827 (0.814-0.840) (unanticipated {ICU} admission); 0.813 (0.802-0.824) to 0.858 (0.849-0.867) (death); and 0.736 (0.727-0.745) to 0.834 (0.826-0.842) (any outcome).
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{CONCLUSIONS}: {NEWS} has a greater ability to discriminate patients at risk of the combined outcome of cardiac arrest, unanticipated {ICU} admission or death within 24h of a {NEWS} value than 33 other {EWSs}.},
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pages = {465--470},
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number = {4},
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journaltitle = {Resuscitation},
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author = {Smith, Gary B. and Prytherch, David R. and Meredith, Paul and Schmidt, Paul E. and Featherstone, Peter I.},
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date = {2013-04},
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pmid = {23295778},
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keywords = {Aged, Early Diagnosis, Female, Heart Arrest, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Patient Admission, Risk Assessment, {ROC} Curve, Severity of Illness Index, United Kingdom, Vital Signs},
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file = {Accepted Version:/home/ulinja/Zotero/storage/WKEEUEAW/Smith et al. - 2013 - The ability of the National Early Warning Score (N.pdf:application/pdf},
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}
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@online{noauthor_national_2017,
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title = {National Early Warning Score ({NEWS}) 2},
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url = {https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/national-early-warning-score-news-2},
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abstract = {{NEWS}2 is the latest version of the National Early Warning Score ({NEWS}), first produced in 2012 and updated in December 2017, which advocates a system to standardise the assessment and response to acute illness.},
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titleaddon = {{RCP} London},
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urldate = {2023-05-01},
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date = {2017-12-19},
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file = {Snapshot:/home/ulinja/Zotero/storage/TMN5DTXM/national-early-warning-score-news-2.html:text/html},
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}
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@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ A large body of scientific evidence validates the effectiveness of EWS in assess
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such as severe deterioration, likelihood of ICU admission, and mortality, both on hospital wards\cite{subbe_validation_2001, buist_association_2004, paterson_prediction_2006, alam_exploring_2015, bilben_national_2016, brekke_value_2019}
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and in ambulatory care \cite{ehara_effectiveness_2019, burgos-esteban_effectiveness_2022, paganelli_conceptual_2022}.
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Two common implementations are the \textit{National Early Warning Score 2} (NEWS2) and the
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\textit{Modified Early Warning Score} (MEWS)\cite{burgos-esteban_effectiveness_2022}.
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Two common implementations are the \textit{Modified Early Warning Score} (MEWS) and the
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\textit{National Early Warning Score 2} (NEWS2)\cite{burgos-esteban_effectiveness_2022}.
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Both are calculated by capturing various vital parameters from the patient at a specific point in time, followed by numerical aggregation of the
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captured data according to the specifically used score.
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captured data according to the specifically used score\cite{subbe_validation_2001, noauthor_national_2017}.
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For MEWS, each type of vitals parameter is assigned an individual score based on which range it is in.
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The individual scores are then added together to produce the final MEWS.
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The ranges for individual scores for each type of vital parameter is shown in table \ref{mews-table}.
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