feat(proposal): add some citations

proposal/proposal.tex

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 %\usepackage[english, ngerman]{babel}
 \usepackage[english]{babel}
 \usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{parskip}
 \usepackage{caption}
 \usepackage{subcaption}
 \usepackage{fancyhdr}
@@ -32,24 +33,38 @@
 \section{Background}
 
 In hospital setting, calculation of EWSs has been shown to predict important clinical outcomes effectively, such as severe deterioration, likelyhood of ICU admission,
-and mortality\autocite{subbe_validation_2001, buist_association_2004, paterson_prediction_2006, brekke_value_2019}.
+and mortality\autocite{subbe_validation_2001, buist_association_2004, paterson_prediction_2006, alam_exploring_2015, bilben_national_2016, brekke_value_2019}.
+Traditionally, doctors and nursing staff collect and evaluate patient vitals data manually, which is limited due to lack of resources\cite{shaik_remote_2023}.
+Remote patient monitoring (RPM) can provide early pre-symptomatic detection of deterioration and hospital admission.
+The Covid pandemic in particular has sparked efforts to investigate remote patient monitoring solutions, and NEWS2 has proved beneficial in predicting critical outcomes\cite{gidari_predictive_2020, otoom_iot-based_2020, filho_iot-based_2021, carr_evaluation_2021}.
 Javanbakht et al. found that continuous vitals monitoring is more cost-effective than intermittent monitoring\cite{javanbakht_cost_2020}, however the findings of
 this study should be taken lightly due to potential bias reporting.
 
-EWSs are also a viable tool for predicting deterioration outside of hospitals\cite{ehara_effectiveness_2019}, allowing for preemptive action to be taken.
-
+A variety of wearable medical sensors capable of continuously recording vital parameters have been developed recently\cite{noauthor_visi_nodate, noauthor_equivital_nodate, noauthor_vitls_nodate, noauthor_caretaker_nodate, noauthor_medtronic_nodate}.
 
 \section{Motivation}
-Serveral IoT-based approaches have been proposed and implemented in an experimental setting\cite{sahu_vital_2022,sahu_cloud-based_2022,sahu_internet--things-enabled_2022}
-Sahu et al. used the PM6750, an experimental vitals data monitoring device capable of continuous vitals data measurements, but requiring a large number of sensors and cables
-being continuously attached to the patient and connected to a power outlet\cite{noauthor_pm6750_nodate}.
+EWSs may also be a viable tool for predicting deterioration outside of hospitals\cite{ehara_effectiveness_2019, burgos-esteban_effectiveness_2022, paganelli_conceptual_2022}, allowing for preemptive action to be taken.
+However, some known setbacks of the NEWS and other scales are the frequency of scoring and response, integration into practice, and miscalculation by healthcare providers\cite{eisenkraft_developing_2023}.
+
+Several studies have examined vitals monitoring using wearables for at-home-patients in a laboratory setting,
+however in most of them, no automated EWS calculations were made\cite{archip_iot_2016, azimi_medical_2016, chowdary_efficient_2018, yeri_iot_2020, lee_all-day_2020, athira_design_2020, phaltankar_curaband_2021, thippeswamy_prototype_2021}.
+
+Sahu et al. used the PM6750\cite{sahu_internet--things-enabled_2022}, an experimental vitals data monitoring device capable of continuous measurements in a laboratory setting.
+However, the methodology of real-time EWS calculation using data gathered in the laboratory is unclear and was not demonstrated.
+Furthermore, the device used to take continuous measurements, requires a large number of sensors and cables to be continuously attached
+to the patient's body\cite{noauthor_pm6750_nodate}, restricting movement.
+
+Anzanpour et al. developed a monitoring system which collects vitals data and calculates EWSs in 2015, however due to limited or nonexistent
+availability of remotely operable sensors for all vital signs relevant to EWSs, the work was limited to using a laboratory prototype
+requiring some manual interaction in transferring vitals data\cite{anzanpour_internet_2015}.
 
 Patients appreciate the face-to-face aspect of early warning score monitoring as it allows for reassurance, social interaction, and gives them further opportunity to ask questions about their medical care\cite{downey_patient_2018}.
 
-Setting up continuous monitoring systems used to be cumbersome as it involves connecting patients to sensor devices
-with numerous electrodes and cables, which restrict patient activities to the bed area.
-Also, data transmission were highly reliant on in-house telecommunication infrastructure.
-In contrast, wearable device such as armband or wristband incorporates multiple biosensors in a single form-factor,
+Taking continuous measurements is superior to measuring intermittently\cite{gronbaek_continuous_2023, shaik_remote_2023}, but
+setting up continuous monitoring systems is cumbersome as it involves connecting patients to sensor devices
+with numerous electrodes and cables, which restrict patient activities to the bed area\cite{un_observational_2021}.
+Also, data transmission is highly reliant on in-house telecommunication infrastructure.
+In contrast, wearable devices such as armband or wristband incorporates multiple biosensors in a single form-factor,
 which allows a higher degree of patient mobility without the constraints of physical wirings.
 More importantly, data transmission through cellular network avoids the need of installing additional in-house
 telecommunication infrastructure, allows rapid deployment, and provides versatile and scalable solutions.